Each state and municipality may have differing rules on water heater strap code guidance. That is, it’s the rule of how to support your water heater properly. Failing to comply with your local rules can carry penalties, so follow along as we explore the guidelines for each state.
Does your water heater need a strap? Depending on where you live you might not have a choice. A water heater strap is basically a piece of metal that secures a water heater to the wall.
Each state has unique water heater strap codes, but most states require that you strap your water heater. Regulations typically require that you use 1 strap in the upper third and another on the lower third to secure a water heater. Codes generally require that you use electrical conduit or plumber’s tape to strap both electric and gas water heaters.
A water heater strap keeps the unit from tipping over in case of an earthquake or other dicey situation. The strap is usually secured directly into the wall studs. Depending on the particular requirements, you may need to use more than one strap.
Why Do the Strap Codes Vary By State?
The main purpose of a water heater strap is to prevent a water heater from tipping over and causing damage. If you live in a state like California or Alaska that is prone to earthquakes, you can see why a strap is necessary.
However, other states, like Maryland or Ohio, are not likely to experience many turbulent conditions that would tip your water heater. In these states, a strap might be recommended in certain circumstances, but it is not required everywhere.
Who Determines the Water Heater Strap Codes?
Water heater strap codes are a subset of the plumbing codes in each state. The two most prevalent plumbing codes used in the United States are:
- The International Plumbing Code (IPC) — This is a set of plumbing codes that meshes well with the International Code Council’s (ICC) whole family of building codes. It sets minimum regulations for plumbing systems.
- The Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC) — This code is viewed as the American National Standard, developed by the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO). The IAPMO uses the UPC to oversee the installation and inspection of plumbing systems to ensure the overall health and safety of the public.
Although there are talks about merging these two codes under one ICC roof, for now, different states can adopt different codes. States can opt to use their own codes and regulations, but even then, most are based on former IPC or UPC codes.
There is also an additional code known as the National Standard Plumbing Code (NSPC) that is only used in New Jersey. Basically, these uniform and national codes apply throughout the country, but each state can choose to adopt stricter guidelines.
Water Heater Strap Codes in the Different States
Not every state requires you to brace your water heater. However, if you live in a state that has regular earthquakes or other seismic activity, a water heater strap is likely necessary.
For many states that do not fall within a seismic zone, water heater straps are not required. The code will likely consist of an umbrella rule that states something along the lines of needing a strap where appropriate to meet the seismic activity in the region.
However, before installing a water heater it is important to verify the specific plumbing codes for your particular area. Local municipalities can sometimes have their own set of guidelines. Never assume anything.
The image below shows the seismic activity in the United States. According to plumbing codes, you must brace any water heaters that fall within certain seismic areas. These are areas that typically experience mid to high seismic activity (on this chart, orange through pink).
Note: The following is an overall look at the water heater codes by state. You must verify the specific requirements for your water heater with your local governing authority.
Here is a quick look at the adopted plumbing codes and the water heater strap codes in each state.
Alabama, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, Michigan, New Hampshire, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia (IPC); Illinois (Illinois Plumbing Code); Indiana (UPC and the Indiana Plumbing Code); Iowa (UPC and some local governments have adopted the IPC); Louisiana (Louisiana State Plumbing Code); Maine (Maine Internal Plumbing Code); Minnesota (Minnesota Plumbing Code); South Dakota (UPC); Wisconsin (Wisconsin Statutes, Comm 81-87, Plumbing Code)
These states experience little to no seismic activity. The standard code requires water heater straps only when necessary to handle any applicable seismic forces. The unit must be anchored to withstand a force equal to 1/3 the operating weight of the water heater.
Arizona, Arkansas, Kansas, Mississippi, Nebraska, New York, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Utah, Wyoming (IPC); Alaska, California, Hawaii, Idaho, Missouri, Montana, Washington (UPC); Kentucky (Kentucky State Plumbing Code); Nevada (IPC or UPC depending on the local municipality); New Mexico (New Mexico Plumbing Code, based on the UPC); Oregon (Oregon Speciality Plumbing Code, based on the UPC)
(In zones with mid to high seismic activity) Two metal straps, at least 22 gauge, must be used. One strap within the top 1/3 of the unit and the second strap within the bottom 1/3.
The bottom strap must be at least 4 inches above the water heater’s controls. The straps must be secured with screws at least 1/4″ x 3″ long and penetrate at least 1.5″ into the wall studs.
Massachusetts (Uniform State Plumbing Code); New Jersey (NSPC)
Makes no specific mention of requiring water heater straps. If the unit was located in a region of mid to high seismic activity, then straps would be necessary in accordance with the UPC or IPC.
Related Questions
How often do plumbing codes change?
Plumbing and building codes are reviewed and revised every three years. There are many builders and professionals that want this timeframe to be extended. For now, codes can change often, so it is important to stay up to date when you are doing your projects.
What happens if you install a water heater that is not up to code?
If your water heater does not meet code you can be faced with some serious fines and penalties. It also will void your warranty, not to mention potentially pose life-threatening situations if your water heater is not maintained properly.
Are there any situations where you need to use water heater straps regardless of where you live?
Yes, if you have an FHA loan, the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) requires all water heaters to be strapped.
How much does the typical water heater weigh?
A residential water heater weighs between 450 to 500 pounds when it is full. The tall, narrow shape of most units make it easy to tip over if under duress (for example, an earthquake). If a unit is elevated, then tipping is more likely.
What is the most common way to brace a water heater?
A double-strap system is the method of choice (one strap at the top and one at the bottom). Some pre-manufactured kits contain straps that wrap completely around the water heater.
Other types of straps are 180-degrees, reaching from one side of the unit to the other.
There is no code that specifies to use a wrap-around or 180-degree strap, and the latter is the one most often used by professionals.
Wrapping Up
Ultimately, whether or not you need to brace your water heater largely depends on where you live. Plumbing codes can vary from state to state and not all codes require water heater straps.
If you are unsure about the requirements for your state, it is best to consult a professional who knows the codes. Always check with your local governing authority to get the latest code updates.
Water heaters can become dangerous when not handled properly. Arming yourself with the proper knowledge and doing the job right can save you a lot of time, effort, and money. In fact, when it comes to water heaters, following the code can even save lives.
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Stacy Randall
Stacy Randall is a wife, mother, and freelance writer from NOLA that has always had a love for DIY projects, home organization, and making spaces beautiful. Together with her husband, she has been spending the last several years lovingly renovating her grandparent’s former home, making it their own and learning a lot about life along the way.
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FAQs
How do you strap a water heater with a code? ›
All water heaters must be strapped in at least two locations; the upper one-third of the unit and the lower one-third. The lower strap must be a minimum of 4" above the water heater control unit. The required clearances from a wall to the heater as stated on the unit nameplate are critical.
Do you have to strap a water heater? ›California Plumbing Code Section 507.2 requires that all water heaters shall be supported and strapped to prevent movement during an earthquake. Two metal straps, not less than 22 gauge, nor less than 5/8-inch wide shall be used.
Does Wyoming require water heater straps? ›In addition to California and Alaska, areas of Nevada, Idaho, Wyoming, Montana, Oregon, Washington and Hawaii also fall under the Uniform Codes' seismic zones 3 and 4, where water heaters are specifically required to be anchored.
How many straps are required on a 75 gallon water heater? ›Approved strap kits may be used. Use of plumbers tape or EMT conduit is allowed, as long as it is installed per the Guidelines for Earthquake Bracing of Residential Water Heaters, published by the Division of the State Architect. 75 gallon water heaters shall have 3 straps. 100 gallon water heaters shall have 4 straps.
Which states require water heater straps? ›Section 510.5 of the Uniform Plumbing Code requires that earthquake straps be installed in seismic zones 3 and 4. California, Oregon, and Washington are all located in either seismic zones 3 or 4.
Where does the water heater strap go? ›How to Strap a Water Heater by GGASHI - YouTube
Can I use plumbers tape to strap water heater? ›First check for plumber's tape
Because so many tanks burst through this strapping, experts now recommend: Secure both the top and the bottom, rather than just the top or just the middle, of the tank. Use heavy-gauge metal strapping rather than plumbers' tape.
Earthquake Strapping on Water Heaters: water heaters must have double strapping across the lower and upper thirds of the tank.
Are water heater straps required in Nevada? ›Water heater straps are indeed required by the state of Nevada. In fact, water heaters must be restrained with double straps within 1 foot of the wall stud. These should be put in place around the heater and then connected to the unit's frame.
Does Utah require water heater straps? ›Amendments to Chapter 5 of IPC.
As a minimum requirement, water heaters shall be anchored or strapped to resist horizontal displacement caused by earthquake motion. Strapping shall be at points within the upper one-third and lower one-third of the appliance's vertical dimensions. "
Are water heater straps required in Oregon? ›
Installation: Portland plumbing regulations require that all homeowners and Portland plumbers follow specific water heater installation steps. For instance, “water heaters installed within 12 inches above the floor are required to be strapped between the top one third and top one-half of the tank”.
Do electric water heaters need seismic straps? ›Answer: Since 1982, the Uniform Plumbing Code has mandated seismic safety straps for most water heaters. The purpose of this requirement is to prevent fire, explosion or water damage if a water heater should topple during an earthquake.
What is a seismic strap for water heater? ›Seismic straps are also known as earthquake straps or water heater restraining straps. These are straps that brace or anchor your water heater to the wall. They prevent the water heater from falling when an earthquake happens. We follow all local and national codes when installing your water heater.
Do I need a permit to change water heater NJ? ›Do I need a permit to replace a water heater? Yes, all towns in New Jersey require a plumbing permit.
How do you brace a water heater? ›Stay Safe 15: Bracing a Water Heater - YouTube
What is the temperature of hot water Internachi? ›open at a maximum temperature of 210° F.
How do you use an emergency water heater? ›To use the water in your hot-water tank, be sure that plumbing fixtures and the water heater are not submerged by flood waters. Turn the electricity or gas off and turn off the water intake valve. Start the water flowing by opening the drain at the bottom of the tank and turning on a hot-water faucet.
How far from wall should water heater? ›Water heaters must be surrounded by a certain amount of clearance, or air space, to function properly and safely. A clearance area of 12 inches is required on all sides of a hot water heater.
Can you block a water heater? ›Do not install water heaters near to ignitable construction and do not store ignitable materials near water heaters. Fuel-fired water heaters cannot be installed in storage closets. Nothing must block the airflow.
How much does a water heater hold? ›Most tank hot water heaters hold anywhere from 20 to 100 gallons of water. Small tank water heaters can be installed in kitchens and bath cabinets. They generally hold from 2 to 6 gallons of water. Generally, one person uses 15 to 30 gallons of hot water per day to wash clothes, do dishes, clean, and for bathing.
Does Washington state require water heaters to be double strapped? ›
Water heaters shall be anchored or strapped to resist horizontal displacement due to earthquake motion. Strappings shall be at points within the upper one-third and lower one-third of its vertical dimensions.
Do I need an expansion tank in Washington State? ›If your water is on a closed system (the water can flow into your building but not out), an expansion tank or other approved thermal expansion device must be installed on your water system.
What does FHA consider a permanent heat source? ›Definition of Permanent Heat Source
This would include forced warm air heated by gas or electric, radiant heat, baseboard units heated by electric, or installed wall units. Sources such as space heaters that are not installed or fireplaces and wood stoves would not fit the description of permanent and self-fueled.
General: ALL habitable rooms must have a heat source. This does not mean that each room must contain a heating device but that each room must receive sufficient heat.
Does FHA require a permanent heat source? ›7) The heating system must be permanently installed- Any heat source that could be easily removed does not qualify for several reasons. If the heat source can be easily removed it would probably be considered personal property, which cannot be included in an appraisal.
Are sediment traps required in Nevada? ›A buildup of sediment in your fuel burning appliance is a fire hazard, and could reduce the life span of the appliance itself. These sediment traps are required by the State of Nevada on gas burning appliances such as water heaters, furnaces, gas fire places, boilers, etc.
How much is a water heater permit in Las Vegas? ›How Much Does a Water Heater Permit Cost? As of August 12, 2019, the total cost of a hot water heater permit in Clark County is estimated to be $283. This figure will change depending on the specifics of your situation and your location. To obtain a permit, visit Clark County Construction Services online.
Are expansion tanks required by code in Utah? ›Current plumbing codes require an expansion tank or similar device to be installed on “closed” water systems.
Do electric water heaters need to be elevated in a garage? ›Water heaters having an ignition source shall be elevated such that the source of ignition is not less than 18 inches (457 mm) above the garage floor. Exception: Elevation of the ignition source is not required for appliances that are listed as flammable vapor ignition-resistant.
How do you secure a bookshelf for an earthquake? ›How to Secure Heavy Furniture for an Earthquake - YouTube
What are earthquake straps? ›
Beige Furniture Safety Straps are used to secure furniture against earthquakes. The straps can be used on bookcases, china cabinets, wall units, entertainment centers, grandfather clocks, and fish tanks. The straps include hardware for securing 1 large piece of furniture up to 500 lb.
How do you legalize unpermitted work? ›To approve your unpermitted work post construction, there are two main options: Demolish the work done and restore the building to its previous condition. Legalize the unpermitted work by obtaining a retroactive building permit.
Can I install water heater myself? ›Do not attempt installing a gas water heater yourself unless you're experienced and comfortable with soldering, working with natural gas and following local installation codes. Save yourself the hassle with our gas water heater installation services which include removal of the old water heater.
What is the penalty for building without a permit in NJ? ›You may subject yourself to penalties and/or fines of up to $500./day until permits are issued. You may temporarily bypass the Township Planning and Zoning departments, but if caught, before a permit can be issued you will need zoning approval, and you may need a variance or Planning Board approval.
What are seismic straps for water heater? ›Seismic straps are critical when using water heaters if you live in an earthquake-prone area. They prevent the water heater from tipping backward as the ground shifts. But there is a specific way to strap the straps onto the heater. It should be according to building codes.
What are seismic straps on hot water heater? ›Answer: Since 1982, the Uniform Plumbing Code has mandated seismic safety straps for most water heaters. The purpose of this requirement is to prevent fire, explosion or water damage if a water heater should topple during an earthquake.
Can you use flex gas line on water heater? ›Product Details. This is a Gas Water Heater Installation Kit by HOME-FLEX. It contains 2-flexible water connectors and one flexible gas appliance connector. This kit makes it easier to install your water heater.
How do you put on a water heater brace? ›Stay Safe 15: Bracing a Water Heater - YouTube
What is seismic strapping? ›Seismic straps are also known as earthquake straps or water heater restraining straps. These are straps that brace or anchor your water heater to the wall. They prevent the water heater from falling when an earthquake happens. We follow all local and national codes when installing your water heater.
Are water heater straps required in Nevada? ›For more information on combustion air contact one of the Nevada County Building Inspectors or reference the 2019 California Plumbing Code Chapter 5. SEISMIC STRAPS: Water heaters require two seismic straps; one located within the top and bottom 1/3 of the water heater.
Are water heater straps required in Oregon? ›
Installation: Portland plumbing regulations require that all homeowners and Portland plumbers follow specific water heater installation steps. For instance, “water heaters installed within 12 inches above the floor are required to be strapped between the top one third and top one-half of the tank”.
Does Utah require water heater straps? ›Amendments to Chapter 5 of IPC.
As a minimum requirement, water heaters shall be anchored or strapped to resist horizontal displacement caused by earthquake motion. Strapping shall be at points within the upper one-third and lower one-third of the appliance's vertical dimensions. "
Water heaters must be surrounded by a certain amount of clearance, or air space, to function properly and safely. A clearance area of 12 inches is required on all sides of a hot water heater.
Does WA state require water heaters to be double strapped? ›Water heaters shall be anchored or strapped to resist horizontal displacement due to earthquake motion. Strappings shall be at points within the upper one-third and lower one-third of its vertical dimensions.
Can PEX be connected directly to a water heater? ›PEX tubing may be connected directly to residential eledctric tank or tankless (instantaneous) water heaters, if the local code and manufacturer's instructions allow. When connecting PEX tube to gas tank or tankless water heaters, the tube must be kept at least 6 inches away from the exhaust vent of the heater.
What size gas line do you need for a tankless water heater? ›A typical tankless water heater will need a ¾-inch gas line. However, if there is sufficient pressure and the run length is short enough, a ½-inch line may be sufficient with certain tankless water heaters, such as the Noritz EZ Series.
Can you use CSST for water heater? ›Our flexible water CSST will save you time and money in re-piping, renovations and new constructions. It is made from lead-free stainless steel. It is also an excellent choice to connect boilers, water heaters, thermal solar systems, and tankless water heaters.
How do you carry a water heater by yourself? ›- Step 1 Drain the Water.
- Step 2 Remove Any Inputs.
- Step 3 Walk the Heater Onto a Ramp.
- Step 4 Move the Heater Onto a Dolly.
- Step 1 Drain the Water.
- Step 2 Remove Any Inputs.
- Step 3 Create a Handle to Lift the Heater.
- Step 4 Slide Two Steel Bars Under the Handle.
Most tank hot water heaters hold anywhere from 20 to 100 gallons of water. Small tank water heaters can be installed in kitchens and bath cabinets. They generally hold from 2 to 6 gallons of water. Generally, one person uses 15 to 30 gallons of hot water per day to wash clothes, do dishes, clean, and for bathing.
Do I need a permit to change water heater NJ? ›Do I need a permit to replace a water heater? Yes, all towns in New Jersey require a plumbing permit.